Uplees Marshes

Very briefly at the East Flood, two Greenshank flew in, one of which I got a good view of.

There were thousands of Golden Plover on Horse Sands, in among many other waders and gulls.

Scanning the edges of the Swale, I found Redshank, Dunlin, Lapwing, Shelduck, Curlew and a few Grey Plover on the shoreline mud.

I walked as far as the Fieldfares in the copse beyond the old dock. On the sheds there were Stock Doves, Rooks, Crows and one Green Woodpecker. There were several Grey Herons and Little Egrets. I saw two Buzzards, one of which came to rest on a gatepost.

Looking over towards Mocketts I thought I could (just) see a Ringtail Hen Harrier - just a guess really, quite orange/warm brown on its chest.

Willow twigs and aphid eggs

Here are some views of Salix viminalis twigs and buds, showing the greyish hairs on the twigs and buds. The buds have just one outer bud-scale, and are flattened against the twig, as is characteristic of the genus.

In this closer view you can see the placement of the lenticels on the "shoulders" of the buds - perhaps a very useful place for them to be metabolically? It is also interesting to see the "lipped" appearance of the buds, which may, or may not, be somewhat characteristic of the species - they may have dried out a bit of course. And, is it genuinely S. viminalis?

The other thing is the three small horns on the leaf scar - the two outer ones are smaller and "sharper" and sometimes appear to have a circular scab just to the outside of the horn, and I am finding it difficult to interpret this pattern. One possibility is that the circular scab results from the abscission of a stipule - as suggested on this webpage. The horns would therefore perhaps be "now blocked off" veins? If so the two outer ancillary ones may join with the central main one to form the midrib of the leaf, but perhaps branching off again in the lower quarter or third of the blade. Or could they be for stipule venation?

Several of the twigs had aphid eggs on them, quite glossy black by now.

Here are two more eggs

This is a twig from one of the yellow-orange Crack-Willows, Salix fragilis, on the Southern side of the Ocean lake. The stipule scar is very obvious and the bud itself is quite solid-looking, almost thorn-like at this angle. So many of them seem quite sharply colour-banded.

This is another twig of Crack Willow, this time with one partly diseased bud, a not uncommon sight in my limited experience.

This is a Dogwood twig, showing the spiky opposite unscaled buds that look to me like "witch's fingers"

Snow Buntings at West Beach, Llanddulas.

Started off at Wern Road, Llandulas at about High Tide with about 400 Common Scoter, a Guilllemot, a possible Diver, 2 Great Crested Grebes, innumerable Gulls and Cormorants offshore, with 2 Cormorants, 16 Great Black-Backed Gulls, 9 Herring Gulls and 7 Black-Headed Gulls inshore.

At Penrhyn Bay there were 7 Wigeon (5 males, 2 females) and 3 Red-breasted Mergansers (2 males, 1 female) fairly close-by on the sea. Further out there were innumerable gulls, with at least 5 Great Black-Backed Gulls, 6+ Herring Gulls and 6+ Black-Headed Gulls, and many more I could not identify. Also 40+ Cormorants, flying and feeding.

There were also 13 Oystercatchers, 10 Redshank, and 2 Turnstone roosting on the offshore rocky spit towards the Little Orme,

At West Beach, Llandudno, I walked down to the spit towards Deganwy where there were 3 Snow Buntings, 84 Common Gulls, Larus canus, 20+ Black-Headed Gulls and 25+ Herring Gulls, together with 30+ Oystercatchers.

Conwy

Ambling around Leybourne

At the first bend on the Ocean path, there was a small group of Long-tailed and Blue Tits, and luckily I spied a Chiff-Chaff in with them, mainly by its different movements. Wonderful. I saw several similar groups of Tits on my way around, but didn't see any sign of any other Chiff-Chaffs, or indeed that one again.

On the causeway I spied two Redwing, and quickly realised that I had already seen one earlier, flying over the water towards me and the small group of Tits, noting its pale face and chin.

A lovely sunny afternoon, and I tried to look for aphid eggs, but failed (almost) entirely. Right at the last minute, by the door to the toilet I did find an oval egg of some sort on Field Maple, quite likely an aphid egg.

However, despite this failure it was so interesting to see the aphids hanging from the Grey Willow over by the West Scrub. Probably dead individuals of Tuberolachnus salignus, the Giant Willow Aphid.

Adult aphids are supposed to remain active over the winter period, through January and February. There appeared to be wingless individuals attached to the twigs further along.

Incidentally, all aphids appear to have co-evolved with a bacterial partner, Buchnera aphidicola, that helps them cope with their plant phloem-sap sucking lifestyle. Aphids, being typical animals, have distinctly poor chemosynthetic ability. However their diet is very limited in amino-acid content, for example being largely (not entirely) limited to a few non-essential amino acids like Arginine in the Phloem sap. So how do aphids get the essential amino-acids they cannot synthesise, such as Trytophan for example? The bacteria embedded in their many thousands in huge mycetocytes (cells) in their bacteriosomes (organs) are very limited nowadays, as they rely for much of their structure and nutrition on their host aphids. But they CAN produce (for example) the essential amino-acid Tryptophan from the non-essential Arginine, which they do.  Buchnera over-produces the essential amino acids which are needed by its aphid host, but none of the non-essential amino acids, for which it depends on its aphid hosts, like most of its other nutrients. This partnership goes back possibly 180 - 250 million years. The bacteria in their bacteriocytes are passed by cellular migration across the ovaries into the developing embryos (or are expelled from bacteriocytes to migrate into eggs in the sexual stage?) or......

Murky Oare

The day started off very well with an amazing Goldcrest in the beech hedge outside Elgar HE8a. It was having a good old attack on its reflection in the window. It was absolutely gorgeous in close-up, with its crest clearly displayed, Eventually I closed the blind in the hope that it would calm down.

At Oare the BTGs were looking very grey in contrast to the winter splendour of the Teal, Shoveller and Pintails. What looked like a very late Curlew Sandpiper flew in to one of the mudbanks.

Redshank, Dunlin, Curlew, Grey Plover, Herring and BH Gulls,

Many seals, wrecked on the just emerging Horse Sands.

The Pipit

Tony heard the Pipit going over, and recognised its call instantly. It settled along the bottom of the grassy slope of the sea wall, bobbing in and out merrily for quite a few minutes. It looked a fair size, holding its head quite upright, with a dark streaky back, and a fairly pale face. Eventually a couple of walkers moved it around the corner of the sea wall. It breeds in Central Asia, but migrants often appear as wanderers over-wintering in Western Europe. This bird appeared at the same site that a well-twitched was seen on quite a few occasions last winter.