Glocaenog

Monty and I took to the Forestry Commission track through Glocaenog forest for a "middle of the day" walk today, after a nice bit of shopping for Nain in Ruthin.

The trees were mainly Sitka Spruce, Picea sitchensis, with this year's growth of foliage just popping out of the bud scales and shedding them as joined cupules of scales all over the ground and undergrowth.

There were spots of quite nice habitat in between the trees, including patches of more open areas, and this decrepit rotten standing trunk, so valuable for insects and woodpeckers.

The trackside was well furnished with plants wherever the trees did not completely shade out the track, and this was dominated by Herb Robert, Geranium robertianum, and Creeping Buttercup, Ranunculus repens in flower, with lots of shoots of Willowherb, Epilobium, growing in between them and due to flower later in the season.

There were large numbers of what I think is the small hoverfly Melanostoma scalare all along the track on the buttercup and also to a lesser extent on the Herb Robert and the Ribwort  Plantain flowers. Notice the obviously pale halteres, which can even look green in some individuals. The first three photos are females with the characteristic pattern of yellow triangles on T3 and T4 behind the yellow spots on T2 on the top of the abdomen, generally dusted face with a protruding knob and dark patch above the antennae, yellowish antennae, glossy black thorax and scutellum, with pale front and mid legs with some darker shading on the rear legs. The last comment is typical of insects in its complexity, looked at from the inside the dark shading perhaps starts half way down the tibiae, looked at from the outside it is just the tarsi that are dark, at least in this picture.

In this photo this female has a fairly swollen abdomen, with the top plates (tergites) well separated from the bottom plates (sternites), only connected by the extendible membranous sides. This may well be because she is carrying a lot of eggs. The internal organs can be seen fairly clearly through the membrane. The yellow patches on the tergites clearly reach the edges. All individual insects photographed seemed to be in a very similar state.

The picture below is probably one of the best I got of one of these females. They move quite delicately from one resting spot to another, often on the flowers, feeding gently off the pollen or nectar:

This I am pretty sure is a male of the same species, with its characteristically elongated narrow abdomen. There were far fewer of these.

There was also a stubby very black hoverfly (I think!), but again with pale halteres! This male should go to ispot for further work, but I am guessing Cheilosia at the moment (confirmed almost instantly by Ophrys on ispot)! There appears to be a small pale patch on the pleura (?) just forward of the pale halteres. The thorax is both very black glossy and fuzzily long-hairy. The face appears to have a dark double bump, somewhat unusual. The legas are clearly dark, unlike most Cheilosia.

Other plants of interest included the occasional Wood Avens or Herb Bennet, Geum urbanum, a member of the Rose family.

Other plants in flower seen alongside the path were Dandelion, Cats Ear, Field Buttercup, Birds-foot Trefoil and Garlic Mustard and different grasses, although I didn't get any photos of these I am afraid. However I did manage to photograph the flowers of a bilberry, of which there were several patches intermingled with heather, possibly on more established banks or maybe more acid areas.

There were also some really great shuttlecock clumps of fern:

Dene Park escapes the thunderstorm!

It was very hot today, with gathering thunderstorms which just missed Hadlow and Dene Park. It was lovely in the late afternoon/early evening up in the wood, with excellent birdsong from song thrushes, blackbirds and robins in particular. There were quite a few insects around, including this moth welcoming me to the car park. I am sure this is a very common one:

Also in the car park grassland was the "Black-Hearted Flower Beetle" Cantharis rustica.

It is about time I looked in a bit more detail at birch trees, the genus Betula. They are so reliant on seed distribution that the new seed heads are out, before the old ones are completely finished!

So, next, something entirely new to me, a Birch Leaf Roller. This was very difficult to tie down, as initially it looked as though it ought to be due to a beetle larva, but now I think it must be due to a Lepidopteran larva, by counting the number of legs!

I was now in the first woodland ride and came across another Nomada bee species, dark and orange!

Deeper in the wood, feeding on the nectar from the cow parsley, Anthriscus sylvestris, I found this odd looking fly. There is a tiny, tiny beetle with it! This is the largest of the UK species of Dance Flies, Empis tessellata, as identified by Ophrys on ispot. ID characteristics include the striped hairy thorax, brownish wings and black femora. It is probably quite a common fly, but likely to be significantly under-recorded generally in the UK.

As always there were the difficult hoverflies, usually the small and black ones. This ought to be a female Platycheirus albimanus, quite a moderate size, with grey spots just visible in the second photo, at a wild guess!

This next one is much easier because of the triangular yellow spots on tergite 2, Melangyna cincta.

Pseudopanthera macularia, the Speckled Yellow moth, exactly where it ought to be, on a fairly open woodland ride

The Larches

This is a fairly new Kent Wildlife Trust reserve, valuable as another example of chalk woodland and downland. The woodland requires quite a lot of clearing, a lot down to volunteers, and hard, often back-breaking work. So far it appears to have been quite successful, and many grassland species do seem to have re-appeared, presumably partly from a buried seed bank, as well as partly from plants surviving in clearings such as the Ground Pine, Ajuga chamaepitys. This species has seed that has been proved to last for 50 or more years in the soil. This labiate has unusual extended yellow flowers with red spots, held prostrately together with the elongate hairy trifoliate leaves, on a red typically Lamiaceae square-angled stem. These appear to be quite tiny stressed plants to me!

The Ground Pine is also found at Boarley Farm a few miles away, at several sites on the chalk hills of the Valley of Visions and also at the Plantlife Reserve at Ranscombe Farm on the other side of the Medway. It behaves as an annual, growing on disturbed chalky or sandy soils, and these flowers are relatively early (normally flowering season is June-October according to Plantlife). Management can be on a cultivated but unfertilised and unsprayed headland, or on quarry tracks or on grazed thin chalk downland where competition from other plants is not too intense. Currently it is known to be found on a few dozen sites at most in the UK, although it is not considered threatened in Europe. Management Guide for Ground Pine.

There was plenty of wild strawberry, Fragaria vesca, rather than the equally common barren strawberry, Fragaria sterilis. The petals are longer than the sepals, and also broadly cover them so that they cannot be seen from above, unlike sterilis. The terminal leaflet tooth also projects clearly beyond its neighbours, unlike sterilis, according to Rose, although this is not clear in every leaf in this picture. The runners are long, rather than short, and the leaves are said to be glossy green as well as hairy, rather than blue-green. The flower stalks are said to have adpressed hairs, although this is unclear from the fruit stalks here. It is also not a hautbois strawberry, Fragaria moschata, which doesn't have achenes down to the base of the false fruit, together with many other differences.

Another typical plant of the chalk is the rock-rose, Helianthemum nummularium, a beautiful flower. This is a prostrate perennial shrub. It has small oval or oblong leaves, woolly below with long basal stipules. The petals are crinkly in the bud, and the flower stalks are downy.

other members of the genus are very local and rare, so I shouldn't have to worry about a mistaken ID!

This is another plant equally typical of the chalk, the fairy flax, Linum catharticum. 

A retreat to the shade of Dene Park

Crikey, its even hotter!

Argogorytes mystaceus was the possible ID for some of the tiny insects along the field edge in the field to the North of the East Lock. 

Crikey, its hot at last!

A slow walk down the access trail revealed two species of click beetles, the wasp beetle Clytus arietus and several good views of solitary wasps and hoverflies. Here is the first of the click beetles a deep black one. I did wonder whether it might be Hemicrepidius hirtus, a fairly common all black species (including its legs, important in ID) with obvious ridges down the elytra, as seen in these pictures I think.

the pectinate, or if you prefer, serrate, antennae:

and this is the second insect, demonstrating the more usual colour of click beetles, possibly an Athous species such as haemorrhoidalis or an Agriotes species such as lineatus. The larvae of species such as these are common agricultural pests known as wireworms!

These pictures show the angular processes at the posterior margin of the pronotum very clearly!

The next insect is one I have heard of, and seen photos of, before. it is the highly distinctive, and indeed unique, wasp beetle, Clytus arietis, of the family Cerambycidae or long-horn beetles:

There is nothing else like this in the Coleoptera, and whenever I have seen a picture of it, I have wanted to see it in real life. Why it would wish to imitate a wasp, when it is already such a tough cookie, is difficult to imagine. It really does appear to be genuine mimic, because it even makes jerky wasp-like movements on flowers, and a waspish buzz when threatened,  presumably to try to convince attackers that it is a genuine wasp! This one seems to have its legs all over the place, and hasn't tucked its pair of flying wings properly under the elytra either.

The elytra are rounded as seen here, and the colour pattern is as seen here. The yellow bands on the square pronotum are typical, with the posterior one divided, as it quite commonly is.The legs are orangeish although the femora are darker. All tibiae have an apical inner spine. Overall the beetle is about 9 - 13 mm long.

The adults are often found visiting flowers and are harmless. The larvae tend to live in dead wood, at first just under the bark, and later in the xylem. The wood used includes dead parts of living trees, dead trees or even fallen dry branches. There is plenty of all of these categories of dead wood along the Access Trail, so the larvae would have had plenty of choice for their homes!

The femora may actually appear quite short and broad, and specifically clavate, particularly in contrast to the apparently much longer thinner tibiae, as demonstrated in this unusual view taken from the rear of the beetle crawling from one leaf to another (unless this is just fore-shortening - it is!):

In the slightly serrate antennae the third segment is clearly longer than the fourth, an identification point worth noting. The first four segments are notably orange in contrast to the darker more apical segments

There were quite a few other insects around, including a few hoverflies. Here is the very common marmalade  fly, Episyrphus balteatus, I think a male, very battered, poor thing!

Here is another one, moderately small, but I have no idea of what species it might be. I took a wild guess at Cheilosia but it could well be a whole load of other things as well!

The next hoverfly is another very common one, a male Sphaerophoria scripta, a tiny and very characteristic species.

This is a much bigger hoverfly, but also a very common one, Eristalis tenax, the Drone Fly, with its wide dark facial stripe, and very black rear legs. This particular individual is very dark on the top of the abdomen, usually there are some clear orange sectors here:

Rather nice to see was an immature Common Blue Damselfly, Enallagma cyathigerum, settling quietly from its exploration of the bottom of the hedgerow, with the beautiful lilac colours of a newly emerged adult. The broad blue sub-humeral stripes, the lack of a "Coenagrion spur" on the sides of the thorax, and the dark mushroom on section 2 of the abdomen are indicative of the male of this species, separating it from other blue species such as the Azure Damselfly.

By now I was thinking I was doing really quite well for insects, and a solitary female bee a little further along proved me right when it looked a lot like Andrena chrysosceles. I thought I saw this species at least once before, on the Shepherds Needle down towards the Gravel Pits, but no-one replied to my posting of that insect on ispot for checking. Lets see if the ispot people can help me out this time! This bee was sitting on an ash leaflet on the edge of the Green Lane shaw, grooming itself gently. Because it was fairly still, it allowed a series of photographs, all in the same posture.

The reason I think it is chrysosceles is as follows. It is a smallish Andrena bee, with the typical shape and hairiness for the genus. It is also female because of the long brush of hairs (scopa) on the rear legs. The thorax is lightly coloured with tawny but not fulvous hairs. The abdomen is a relatively shiny glossy black and has very clear close knit bands of silvery hairs running across it (I have seen one picture on the BWARS website that might indicate these bands can be worn away a bit on the top surface, but this may also depend on the light). There appears to be a reddish tuft of hairs at the end of the abdomen. The legs are dark at the base, the femora, but bright gold-orange further down, at the tibiae, and this extends right to the end of the foot, the tarsi and metatarsi.

The male of the species is similar but has white hairs in a moustache on the face, with a white clypeus with two small black dots either side.

There was another female Andrena bee almost immediately, but very clearly of a different species. Actually I now think this is Andrena nitida (2021). This one was much more robust, again with a glossy black abdomen, but larger and more rounded, without the obvious white bands across the abdomen, or the thin white side tufts on the first segments of the abdomen.
 

Note the blackish hairs at the rear of the abdomen, though probably not a reliable character.

A grey Dene Park

Unfortunately I spent too much time trying to determine the law on the planning applications listed for our next parish meeting today, and it was very grey by the time I got Monty up to Dene Park. As on my last visit I then concentrated rather a lot on the first stretch of the ride, finding more or less the same populations as yesterday, but in addition there was my first Soldier Beetle or Cantharid of 2012. 

This turned out to be Cantharis pellucida. The features fitted this species more than the other very similar Cantharids, but I was pretty sure because of the adpressed grey hairs on the elytra, the black scutellum, the bright orange of the rounded prothorax, the orangey front legs and the orange and black mid and rear legs, the black head finishing up just in front of the eyes, and the mainly blackish antennae. The tarsi seemed quite flattened out. 

Another new insect for Dene Park was the Harlequin Beetle, Harmonia axyridis, significantly larger than the other ladybirds (14-spot and 7-spot) seen, and of a particular colour form I think, Harmonia axyridis succinea.

The other animal in large numbers was the Opilionid Harvestmen, standing sentry on the tops of the nettles, today definitely outnumbering the Nursery Web Spiders. In the picture below the long second pair of legs are acting as the harvestman's sensory "eyes", testing the environment for both food and threats!